WHO issues global warning on Marburg virus outbreak: Is Türkiye at risk?

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a global alert regarding the Marburg virus outbreak, a deadly virus with a fatality rate of up to 88%. The virus has recently resurfaced in Rwanda, where 26 cases and 8 deaths have been reported as of September 29, 2024.

What is the Marburg Virus?

The Marburg virus is a rare, highly infectious disease that causes severe hemorrhagic fever, similar to the Ebola virus. Symptoms typically begin 2 to 9 days after exposure and include fever, chills, headaches, muscle pain, and coughing. As the illness progresses, patients may experience severe internal bleeding, neurological problems, and organ failure.

How does virus spread?

The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of infected individuals or animals, particularly bats and primates. Although not airborne, the virus can spread between humans through close contact, particularly in healthcare settings or when caregivers are exposed.

Current situation in Rwanda

The outbreak in Rwanda has raised global concerns about the potential for further spread. Initial cases were detected among patients in healthcare facilities, and authorities are now investigating the source of the infection. In response, a vaccination campaign was launched in the capital, Kigali, to help prevent further transmission.

Is virus present in Türkiye?

As of now, no confirmed cases of the Marburg virus have been reported in Türkiye. The Turkish Ministry of Health has reassured the public that the country remains unaffected by the outbreak. However, health officials in Türkiye are closely monitoring the situation, given the global risks posed by infectious diseases.

Marburg virus symptoms

The Marburg virus typically begins with fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain. As the disease worsens, patients may develop symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and unexplained bleeding from the skin or internal organs. In severe cases, liver failure, confusion, and multi-organ failure may occur, leading to death.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing the Marburg virus can be difficult because its symptoms overlap with those of other diseases like malaria and typhoid fever. Laboratory tests, such as ELISA, PCR, and antigen detection, are needed to confirm an infection. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for the Marburg virus. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including hydration and managing symptoms.

Prevention and control

With no cure available, prevention remains key in controlling the spread of the Marburg virus. This includes isolating infected individuals, using protective equipment in healthcare settings, and avoiding contact with animals that may carry the virus. WHO and other international health organizations are working to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread.

While there is no evidence that the Marburg virus has reached Türkiye, Turkish authorities remain on high alert, monitoring the situation closely. Global health officials stress the importance of preventive measures to stop the spread of the virus.