With the echoes of the latest Biden-Trump debate still reverberating, voters visit the age-old question: How much do presidential debates actually matter? From John F. Kennedy’s commanding television debut in 1960 to Ronald Reagan’s memorable debate lines, these high-stakes encounters have often proven pivotal in swaying voter sentiment and shaping election outcomes.

A closer look at 13 pivotal presidential debates reveals a notable trend: only four candidates who won their debates ultimately lost the election. This suggests that strong debate performances often correlate with a higher likelihood of electoral success. This data underscores a broader trend: candidates who perform poorly in debates face a significant uphill battle.

The rarity of debate losers winning the presidency suggests that strong debate performances can substantially enhance a candidate’s chances, while lackluster showings can hinder their prospects.

How former presidential debates have shaped election results

The power of debates to sway voters was first dramatically demonstrated in 1960, when John F. Kennedy faced off against Richard Nixon in the first televised presidential debate. Kennedy’s polished appearance and confident demeanor contrasted sharply with Nixon’s pale and sweaty visage, leaving a lasting impression on viewers.

The first-ever broadcasted presidential debate underscored the growing importance of television in shaping political perception, as Kennedy’s polished image helped him overcome a slight deficit in pre-debate polls and solidify his appeal to voters.

Fast forward to 1980, when Ronald Reagan’s memorable line “Are you better off than you were four years ago?” during his debate with Jimmy Carter resonated with voters and contributed to his landslide win. Similarly, in 1992, Bill Clinton’s ability to connect with voters during debates helped him unseat incumbent George H.W. Bush.

In the 1992 debates, Bill Clinton’s relatable style and focus on domestic issues contrasted with George H.W. Bush’s perceived detachment. Clinton’s engaging performance, particularly in the town hall debate, helped him connect with voters and highlighted Bush’s weaknesses.

Gerald Ford’s claim in the 1976 debate, that there was “no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe” was widely criticized as inaccurate. This misstep damaged Ford’s credibility and bolstered Jimmy Carter’s position. Carter’s composed performance and Ford’s error contributed to Carter’s narrow victory in the general election.

However, debates don’t always favor the challenger. In 2012, Barack Obama’s lackluster performance in his first debate against Mitt Romney briefly shifted momentum in the race. Obama’s stronger showing in subsequent debates helped him regain his footing and ultimately win re-election.

Current debate dynamics

The recent debate between Biden and Trump appears to follow this pattern of potentially game-changing moments. Biden, 81, struggled to articulate clear responses and appeared strained at times. His performance raised concerns among democrats, highlighted with ‘panic’ on TIME cover, about his ability to effectively communicate his vision and defend his record.

Trump, on the other hand, was described as more forceful and focused in his attacks, potentially capitalizing on Biden’s perceived weaknesses. The contrast in their performances echoes historical instances where debate performance has influenced voter perceptions.

Role of media and modern influences

In today’s media landscape, social media and 24-hour news cycles can rapidly transform debate moments into viral phenomena or damaging narratives, influencing public opinion far beyond the debate stage. For example, Biden’s stumble over his defense of Roe v. Wade, and his talking points that ended abruptly, rather became a talking point that extends far beyond the debate itself.

While a single debate can shift momentum, debates are just one factor among many that influence voters’ decisions. Party affiliation, economic conditions, and overall campaign strategies often play more significant roles in determining election outcomes.

What’s next?

As the election cycle progresses, both candidates will likely face increased scrutiny of their debate performances. For Biden, the pressure will be on to demonstrate greater clarity and leadership in future public appearances. Trump, meanwhile, may seek to build on his perceived debate success to galvanize his base and sway undecided voters.

While it’s too early to definitively say how this recent debate will impact the election outcome, history suggests that such high-profile encounters can indeed shape voter perceptions and influence the race. As always, the American electorate will ultimately decide whose vision for the country’s future is most compelling.