Syria’s path to normalization could take 3-4 years, Turkish official says
An independence-era Syrian flag hangs at a market in the central city of Homs on Jan. 4, 2025. (AFP Photo)
Türkiye predicts that Syria’s normalization process, including constitutional reform, voter registration, and national elections, could take three to four years, according to a presentation by Deputy Foreign Minister Nuh Yilmaz to the Turkish Parliament.
Yilmaz emphasized the importance of maintaining security and stability throughout the transition.
“For elections to happen, constitutional reform, a census, the return of migrants, and the formation of voter registries are all necessary steps. Establishing a secure environment is essential for these processes, which is why a timeline of three to four years is realistic,” Yilmaz explained.
Governance, security challenges
Yilmaz noted persistent public order challenges in Syria, stressing the need for functional governance. “We expect security forces who served without engaging in crimes under the previous regime to be reinstated quickly to restore order,” he said.
A significant obstacle is the presence of multiple armed groups operating outside unified control.
“The goal is to form a national Syrian army under one command to ensure security. The new administration is taking steps to manage remnants of the old regime, offering a transition path to those stepping back voluntarily,” Yilmaz stated, adding that uncontrolled arms in the country pose risks of future terrorism or revenge operations.
Concerns over PKK integration
Yilmaz expressed concerns about the potential integration of the PKK or Syrian YPG into the national Syrian army.
“We strongly advise against forming ethnically or religiously exclusive armed groups. A national army representing all segments of society is essential,” he said, adding that Türkiye opposes the inclusion of PKK-aligned terrorist organizations in this structure.
Syria’s economic collapse
Syria’s economy is on the verge of collapse, Yilmaz warned, citing the importance of addressing regional concerns and international sanctions.
Türkiye has communicated these challenges to Syria’s transitional government and other regional actors.
“Sanctions must be avoided to prevent further deterioration, and cooperation with international stakeholders is vital for rebuilding efforts,” Yilmaz added.
