Ancient Roman basilica discovered beneath London skyscraper project

Archaeologists have uncovered the remains of London’s first known Roman basilica, dating back nearly 2,000 years, during excavations for a new skyscraper. Experts describe the discovery as one of the most significant archaeological finds in the British capital in recent years.

The basilica, built in the late 70s A.D. or early 80s A.D., was part of Londinium’s central forum, serving as a hub for social and administrative affairs. Its construction took place just a few decades after the Roman invasion of Britain and only 20 years after Boudicca’s rebellion devastated the city in 60 A.D.

Political and judicial heart of Roman London

Positioned on elevated ground, the Roman forum covered an area roughly the size of a football field. Surrounded by shops and other buildings, it featured a vast open plaza at its core. The basilica, the largest structure within the forum, functioned similarly to a modern-day city hall, hosting political debates and judicial proceedings.

Archaeologists believe the unearthed section includes the basilica’s tribunal, a raised platform where officials presided over legal and governmental matters.

Lost to time and replaced by a grander forum

Despite its significance, the basilica did not endure for long. Around 100 A.D., a larger forum was constructed on the same site, effectively absorbing the earlier structure.

Sophie Jackson, development director at the Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA), called the discovery “one of the most important finds in the city in recent years.” She compared it to unearthing the Speaker’s chair and main chamber of the House of Commons after 2,000 years. “The level of preservation has exceeded our expectations, and we may have reached the most crucial part of the building,” she added. “We are only beginning to understand this site’s full potential.”

Preserved walls reveal London’s hidden Roman past

The remains were discovered in 2023 during redevelopment work at 85 Gracechurch Street, near the entrance to London’s historic Leadenhall Market.

Although the general location of the Roman forum has been known for some time, archaeologists were surprised by the scale and preservation of the foundations and walls. Constructed using flint, ragstone (a type of sandstone), and Roman bricks, some walls extend over 10 meters in length, stand 1 meter wide, and reach depths of 4 meters.

Plans for public exhibition

The discovery has prompted Hertshten Properties, the site’s developer, to consider revising its plans to include a public exhibition and event space. The company is expected to submit a revised planning application soon.

Duncan Wilson, CEO of Historic England, emphasized the significance of the find: “Uncovering the podium of the Roman basilica beneath today’s bustling financial district is truly remarkable.” He confirmed that plans are underway to create a new public exhibition space, offering visitors a glimpse into London’s ancient Roman past.