From historical maps to modern mapping: Inside Türkiye’s cartography museum

Museum of Cartography in Ankara invites visitors to explore Türkiye’s rich cartographic heritage, showcasing historical maps, measurement tools and rare artifacts that highlight the nation’s mapping journey through centuries.

Legacy of Mehmet Sevki Olcer

The museum features a dedicated section honoring Lieutenant General Mehmet Sevki Olcer, widely regarded as the “Architect of Modern Turkish Cartography.” This exhibit includes his personal belongings, such as diplomas, medals, his office desk, and tools, alongside telegrams from Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and Chief of Staff Fevzi Cakmak.

Olcer’s contributions are celebrated as pivotal to the development of modern cartography in Türkiye.

Historic maps with national significance

Among the museum’s highlights is the 1896 Eskisehir Map, considered the first example of modern Turkish cartography. Created with a 1:10,000 scale, it marks the dawn of a new era in mapping for the country. Another standout is the Sakarya Map, produced in just 20 days during the Turkish War of Independence in 1921. This 1:100,000 scale map was instrumental in securing victory in the Battle of Sakarya.

Visitors can also view Ankara’s first city plan, drafted in 1924, which illustrates key locations such as Ankara Castle, Haci Bayram Mosque, Hamamonu and At Pazari.

Treasure trove of rare instruments

The museum’s collection includes diverse tools from different eras, such as compasses and watercolor sets gifted by Yusuf Izzettin Efendi, son of Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz. Among these, a photogrammetry device purchased from Germany in 1938 stands out.

This rare instrument, deemed one of the best of its time, remains the only surviving example after the manufacturing company ceased operations following World War II.

Artistic interpretations of changing nation

In addition to maps and instruments, the museum houses an art gallery showcasing works by military cartographers and renowned artists like Abidin Dino and Mahmut Cuda.

These paintings, created during Ataturk’s “Homeland Tours” between 1938 and 1943, offer a visual narrative of Türkiye’s transformation, capturing its landscapes, architecture, and daily life.

One-of-a-kind experience

As Türkiye’s only museum dedicated to mapping, the Museum of Cartography preserves and presents an invaluable historical record. With over 670 artifacts, it bridges the past and the future of cartography, inviting visitors to delve into the art and science of map-making. The museum continues to be a beacon of historical knowledge and innovation in the heart of Ankara.