Number of Syrians granted work permits in Türkiye jumps from 118 to 108,000 in 2023

In 2023, Türkiye issued a total of 239,835 work permits to foreign nationals, with Syrians comprising the largest group.

The Ministry of Labor and Social Security data reveals that 108,250 Syrians received work permits last year, a staggering increase from just 118 in 2011. Following Syrians, 17,785 Russians and 13,128 Turkmen were granted work permits.

Syrian shift from 118 to 108,250

• 2011: Only 118 Syrians were granted work permits, placing them 32nd among foreign workers in Türkiye.
• 2016: A pivotal year, with a 230% increase in permits for Syrians, propelling them to the top of the list with 13,290 permits.
• 2023: Syrians solidified their position as the largest foreign workforce in Türkiye, with over 100,000 work permits issued.

Where do foreigners work?

Foreign workers in Türkiye are primarily employed in:

• Accommodation services
• Domestic work
• Wholesale trade
• Construction and manufacturing (including clothing, textiles and metal products)

In 2011, foreign workers were more commonly employed in:

• Education
• Accommodation
• Air transportation
• Creative arts and entertainment

Substantial decrease in workers’ educational level

The educational background of foreign workers has also shifted:

• 2011: 46% of foreign workers were university graduates.
• 2023: This percentage has dropped to 18%, reflecting changes in the composition of the foreign labor force.

How to obtain a work permit in Türkiye?

Foreign nationals must obtain a work permit from the Ministry of Labor and Social Security to be employed in Türkiye. Applications can be made:

• Domestically: Directly to the ministry.
• Internationally: Through Turkish embassies or consulates in their home countries.

Work permits are classified into four types:

1. Temporary work permits: Initially granted for one year, with the possibility of extensions.
2. Permanent work permits: Available to those with long-term residence or at least eight years of legal work history in Türkiye.
3. Independent work permits: Granted to professionals who meet specific conditions.
4. Turquoise Card: Offers permanent work and residency rights, and is awarded to highly skilled workers who significantly contribute to Türkiye’s economy, science or technology.