China, Tanzania and Mozambique begin Peace Unity-2024 military drill

Troops from China, Tanzania and Mozambique have commenced tactical training in the Peace Unity-2024 military exercise, reflecting Beijing’s escalating military diplomacy in Africa.

This trilateral counterterrorism drill involves battlefield surveys, command post setups, and tactical training with armored fighting vehicles and self-propelled assault guns at Tanzania’s Chinese-built comprehensive training center in Mapinga, Bagamoyo district.

Strategic deployment and objectives

The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has deployed ground units from the Central Theatre Command and a naval flotilla from the Southern Theatre Command to East Africa. The exercise aims to enhance military training, strengthen political ties and promote interoperability with African militaries.

Paul Nantulya, a China specialist at the National Defence University’s Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, noted that the drill includes land and sea-based counterterrorism operations, anti-piracy patrols, and joint maritime patrols.

“This is what I call a ‘blended approach’ to military-to-military partnership,” Nantulya explained, highlighting the integration of military, political, diplomatic, cultural, and commercial engagement. The Chinese contingent will also host cultural events, deck receptions, and vessel open days as part of their military and cultural diplomacy efforts.

China’s 45th naval escort force, including the guided missile destroyer Hefei and amphibious dock landing ships Qilianshan and Wuzhishan, is participating in the drills. Nine operations will be conducted at sea, such as port joint defense, counterterrorism tactics, and anti-piracy operations. The Chinese naval hospital ship Peace Ark recently concluded its Mission Harmony-2024, providing medical services in Tanzania.

China-Africa ties

Beijing’s military exercises aim to entrench political, commercial, ideological, cultural and defense ties with African countries, enhancing China’s global influence.

Analysts believe that China seeks to achieve interoperability with African militaries, showcase military assets, and test new equipment and doctrines. African countries benefit from professional military training, alternative weapon sources, and strengthened political ties.

China’s military cooperation with Tanzania dates back to 2014, with the current exercise marking their fourth joint drill. David Shinn, a China-Africa specialist at George Washington University, emphasized the relevance of the exercises to counterterrorism challenges in Mozambique and Tanzania. Mozambique has been combating Daesh-backed insurgents in Cabo Delgado since 2017, while Tanzania has emerged as a key partner in China’s military cooperation efforts.

Francois Vrey, a professor emeritus of military science at Stellenbosch University, noted the strategic importance of the Western Indian Ocean, which aligns with China’s Maritime Silk Road initiative.